A working space for my notes on Ogura Hyakunin Isshu - a classical Japanese anthology of 100 poems by 100 poets. My thanks to Jane Reichhold and fellow members of the AHApoetry Forum for their encouragement, advice and participation; and also to my fellow fellow members of Eratosphere for their comments and suggestions.

Jp-En

Romaji
Kanji/ -kana
English
Notes
aki
autumn

ama
あま

fisherman

ama-no
天の
heavenly

amatsu
天つ
heavenly; imperial
(ama) heavens; sky; imperial
(tsu) haven; port; harbour; ferry

The particle case [tsu] has same meaning here as [no] in archaic Japanese (‘s; of; -ly).
arami
あらみ
rough/coarse (because)
Adjective stem ara + suffix –mi and partical o (をあらみ) because (it is) rough
ashibiki (no)
あしびき ()
foot drag, foot weary, foot aching,
Pillow word modifier of mountains, peaks
ba
if

chihayaburu
千早ぶる 

pillow word epiteth used of ‘god(s)’
fuchi
 
deep pool, abyss, edge, the depths

Fuji
富士
Place name

fuke ni keru
更けにける
to grow late

fuki


fune
boat

furi
ふり
to fall on, to pour down, to cover

furu
ふる
to fall  down, falling, shake, whip; to pour down (as rain, snow, hail); to grow/become old/worn out

ga
case particle: subject marker; designation; modifier of a word with following word; ‘is’ ‘

hana
flower

hara
meadow; original; primitive; field; plain; prairie; tundra; wilderness

haru
 
spring

hashi
bridge

hito
person; people (s/he; him; her; them)

hitome
人目
make an appearance, public gaze, glimpse

hitori
ひとり
one, alone, yourself, himself,

ho
rice sheaf or bundle

hoshi tari
ほしたり
to dry/air/hang

idenu
出ぬ
out-have-been

ide-te
出で
exit; leave; go out; come out; put out; protrude;  set forth, set out;

hiji
ひ路
tract; path, channel; road; route
As suffix = way to; road to;
ima
今かへりこむ 
now, at the present time, immediately,

Inaba
いなば 
Place name
with word play on ‘ina’ as suffix ‘to go’ ‘journey’ ‘leave’
io
hut; hermitage;

iro
colour, complexion, appearance, tint; lust, desire, love, lover

itazura –ni
いたづらに
[いたずらに]

mischief, tease, prank, trick; with adverbial  -ni Unnecessarily; in vain; vainly; for nothing; Mischievously;

ka
?, do,  either/or, whether, what
Interrogative particle @ end of sentence
kaeri
かへり 
return, go/come home,
form ofかへる kaeru homecoming, returning home
Kagu
Kaguyama
香具
Name of mountain

kakete
かけて
over; toward

kamiyo
神代 
ancient times, age of the gods

karakurenai
からくれない
(Chinese) crimson, deep red

kari
かり
harvested ears of rice

kario
かりほ
temporary/makeshift hut
wordplay – kari-ho = dried sheafs
kasasagi
かささぎ
magpie(s)

kawa, -gawa
river

kayo
かよ
to pass upon; to and from

kayohiji

通ひ路

かよひ路
a path, route, road, track to go back and forth on, to ply between, a way to pass upon, to and fro

kaze
wind; breeze

keri
けり
Exclamation of realization

kika -ba
きか
hear, heard, ask, inform(ed),

kikazu
きかず 
negative (zu) sentence ending form of
 to hear, to listen (to tell, inform, read to, sing about).

kimi
1.you; buddy; pal
2. master, young master
3. (classical) prince, lord

kishi
bank, coast, shore, beach

kitaru-rashi
夏来たるらし
come(s), next, coming, came + suffix –rashi (it seems)
‘ru’ () may be elided.
kogi
こぎ
row (-ed)

koi
Love, passion, yearning,

komu
こむ 
aux. verb of intensity ; ‘to do’, will,

koromo
garment; clothes; dressing

koromode
衣手
sleeve(s)

kukuru
くくる
to tie, bind, tie-dye

kumo
cloud

ma (-ni)
まに
interval, spot, place, period of time; ma ni (in period, place) – between, during, among the

matsu
まつ
1.n. pine tree
2.v. to wait
(kakekotoba)
Michnoku
みちのくの
place name

midare
乱れ 
disturbance, disorder, unrest, riot, war

Minano
みなの川 
Place name
Word play on everybody, man, woman.
mine
summit, peak

mireba
みれば
when...sees/looks

miyako
city; capital;

mizu
 
water

mo
also, too, as much as, even, about
Emphatic particle
mojizuri
もぢずり
a fabric with an irregular pattern of patches or spots of different shades

na
End of sentence emotional or emphatic particle.

na
vegetable, side dish, greens

naga
なが
long, length, length of, lengths

nagame



naga-ame
ながめ




ながあめ [長雨]
1. n. to look at, glance at, to view, to gaze at, watching
(nagameru - 
眺める)

a long spell of rain

Naganaga(shi)
ながなが
The long, long; drawn-out, longer, (the, then, and then)

naku
なく

not

nami
 
wave

nara
なら

to be

nari (nuru)
なり(ぬる
nari (existence) nuru may be read a completion of ‘to be’ (existence) of nari (ie, nari – to be/ narinuru =has become); but nuru may also be read as form of nure – wet, damp.

natsu
summer

ne
peak, summit, ridge,

nemu
ねむ
sleep,
(nemuri)
ni
locative particle

ni
case particle indicating reason, the reason is, because of, given that (ので in modern Japanese), because of who (tare)?

no
 
genitive particle

no
plain, field

nure
ぬれ
wet

nuretsutsu
ぬれつつ
becoming wet

nuru
ぬる 
to make love, become damp, get wet

o
Accusative particle  (Follows the direct) object. (the, to, a, an, your)

o
 tail; tail end;  slope at the foot of a mountain;

oku
おく or 置く
to put, place, set, deposit

otome
乙女
maiden; virgin; young lady; little girl; daughter
天つ乙女 amatsu otome = celestial maiden(s)
otsuru
落つる 
to fall, drop, come down (tsuru – act of; emphatic)

ouru
生ふる 
noun form of verb ‘to grow’

ran
らむ
aux. verb of speculation, hypothesis, conjecture of cause

sae
さへ
even; even...in addition

se -shi
せし
do (with past tense aux. –shi)

shibashi
しばし
for a short while; for a brief period

shidari
しだり
drooping,  trailing
Shidari o no = a pillow word of ‘dori’
shika
鹿


しか
deer;

just; is only;  only the/a; thus; agreeable, to one’s liking.

shima
island

shimo
frost

shinobu
しのぶ
n.
1. species of fern
2. colour of clothing (light green on blue)
3. cloth patterned using a species of fern
4. place name, a region of Michinoku
v.
1. to recollect, remember, to long for
2. to hide; conceal oneself
3. to endure, suffer in silence, to silently bear,

shiro
white

shirotae
白妙

Pillow word modifier of things that are - white
some
そめ
dye(ing), print(ing),
そめる
someru – to dye, to print; to begin

sugata
すがた
Figure; form; shape; appearance

sugite
過ぎて
passed

Suminoe
住の江 
place name

sumu
すむ

to reside; to live in; to inhabit; to dwell

ta
rice field, paddy field, field

tachi
立ち
to stand, erect, rise

Tago
田子
Place name

takane
高嶺
lofty peak;

tame
ため 
because, since, for, for the sake of, on behalf of, for the benefit of,
conjunction
tare
who, someone, somebody,

tatsumi
たつみ
south-east (dragon, snake)

Tatsuta
龍田
name of river

te
hand

te
Conjunctive particle

to
Case particle; copula aux verb; quotative particle; conjunctive (even if)

to shi
とし
and, and the, with, as

Todome [-mu]
とどめ[- ]
to stop; to stay;
Termination [] aux. Verb of volition – will,
tojiyo
とぢよ
close; shut;
Imperative form of tojiru [閉じる]– to close; to shut;
toma
rush-mat/thatch

tori
bird; chicken

tsugeyo
告げよ 
tell; inform; announce; proclaim
Imperitive of tsugeru告げる [つげる]
Tsukuba -ne
筑波嶺
Place name – Mount Tsukuba
 Its two peaks are called Nantai 男体山 (Male mountain) and Nyotai 女体山  (Female mountain)
tsumori-te
つもり- 
to accumulate, grow big(ger), deep(er), full(er)
-te conjunctive particle, completion of an action (the action of that which is falling, oto-tsuru).
tsumu
つむ 
to pluck, to pick, to trim

tsuri
つり
fishing

-tsutsu
つつ 
Conjunctive particle: becoming, being; while, during.

tsuyu
dew, dewdrop
used figuratively of tears, esp. when used in connection with sleeves
uchi
打ち
strike; hit; knock; pound; dozen
adds vigour, force as a prefix strengthening  a verb
uji
うじ
disagreeable; grief; sorrow; bitter; maggot;

Ujiyama
うじ山
Place name, Uji Mountain

ura
bay; creek; inlet; gulf; beach; seacoast

utsuri
うつり
to fade, wither; shifted, moved, changed; reflected

wa (ha)
Topic marker (is, are, the)

wa ... tsutsu
 -- つつ 
Conjunctive particle of continuing action, ‘while’

waga
わが
my; mine; one’s own; our;

waga -mi
わが身
 myself, oneself; my (waga = wa/I, ga/genitive) body (mi)

waka
young, immature

wakare
別れ 
to depart, parting, bid farewell, part from,

ware

I, oneself, ego, selfish, our

wata
わた
sea; beach

wataseru
渡せる
(that can be) passed, crossed, ferried

wo


ya
 
final or expressive particle expressive of exclamation, irony or rhetorical question.

yama
mountain

Yamadori
山鳥
mountain fowl (copper pheasant)

yaso
八十
eighty (8, 10);
used figuratively of ‘many’
yo
night, evening

yo
world, life, existence; age, generation; yo ni – the world, in the world, into the world.

yoku
よく[避ける]
evade, avoid, avert, ward off, shirk, shun

yori
より 
Case particle (along which/from; down from; from which)

yoru
よる 
to be due to; to depend on; to gather, to visit, drop in/near/by

yoru
よる []
evening, night

yue
reason, cause, consequently, therefore, happenstance,

yuki
 
snow

yume
dream,

zo
Case particle, emphatic end of phrase marker (!)